Judges 21

Passage overview

Judges 21 is the final chapter that addresses the chaos after the civil war with the tribe of Benjamin among the tribes of Israel, and the various measures for the survival of the tribe of Benjamin. This chapter shows the deep wounds caused by the civil war, as well as efforts made for unity and restoration among the tribes.

1verseNow the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying, “None of us will give his daughter to Benjamin as a wife.”

2verseThe people came to Bethel and sat there until evening before God, and lifted up their voices, and wept severely.

3verseThey said, “The LORD, the God of Israel, why has this happened in Israel, that there should be one tribe lacking in Israel today?”

4verseOn the next day, the people rose early and built an altar there, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings.

5verseThe children of Israel said, “Who is there among all the tribes of Israel who didn’t come up in the assembly to the LORD?” For they had made a great oath concerning him who didn’t come up to the LORD to Mizpah, saying, “He shall surely be put to death.”

6verseThe children of Israel grieved for Benjamin their brother, and said, “There is one tribe cut off from Israel today.

7verseHow shall we provide wives for those who remain, since we have sworn by the LORD that we will not give them of our daughters to wives?”

8verseThey said, “What one is there of the tribes of Israel who didn’t come up to the LORD to Mizpah?” Behold, no one came from Jabesh Gilead to the camp to the assembly.

9verseFor when the people were counted, behold, there were none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead there.

10verseThe congregation sent twelve thousand of the most valiant men there, and commanded them, saying, “Go and strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, with the women and the little ones.

11verseThis is the thing that you shall do: you shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman who has lain with a man.”

12verseThey found among the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead four hundred young virgins who had not known man by lying with him; and they brought them to the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.

13verseThe whole congregation sent and spoke to the children of Benjamin who were in the rock of Rimmon, and proclaimed peace to them.

14verseBenjamin returned at that time; and they gave them the women whom they had saved alive of the women of Jabesh Gilead. There still weren’t enough for them.

15verseThe people grieved for Benjamin, because the LORD had made a breach in the tribes of Israel.

16verseThen the elders of the congregation said, “How shall we provide wives for those who remain, since the women are destroyed out of Benjamin?”

17verseThey said, “There must be an inheritance for those who are escaped of Benjamin, that a tribe not be blotted out from Israel.

18verseHowever, we may not give them wives of our daughters, for the children of Israel had sworn, saying, ‘Cursed is he who gives a wife to Benjamin.’”

19verseThey said, “Behold, there is a feast of the LORD from year to year in Shiloh, which is on the north of Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah.”

20verseThey commanded the children of Benjamin, saying, “Go and lie in wait in the vineyards,

21verseand see, and behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in the dances, then come out of the vineyards, and each man catch his wife of the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin.

22verseIt shall be, when their fathers or their brothers come to complain to us, that we will say to them, ‘Grant them graciously to us, because we didn’t take for each man his wife in battle, neither did you give them to them; otherwise you would now be guilty.’”

23verseThe children of Benjamin did so, and took wives for themselves according to their number, of those who danced, whom they carried off. They went and returned to their inheritance, built the cities, and lived in them.

24verseThe children of Israel departed from there at that time, every man to his tribe and to his family, and they each went out from there to his own inheritance.

25verseIn those days there was no king in Israel. Everyone did that which was right in his own eyes.

Structure and Flow

  • Verses 1-4: The people of Israel wrestle between the vow they made at Mizpah not to give the daughters of the tribe of Benjamin as wives, and the reality that, because of the civil war, the tribe of Benjamin is effectively facing extinction.
  • Verses 5-14: The tribes of Israel decide to preserve the descendants of the tribe of Benjamin by finding among the residents of Jabesh-gilead those who did not take part in the war against the tribe of Benjamin, and then using their daughters.
  • Verses 15-25: To solve the wife problem for the still-lacking Benjamites, they arrange for the remaining Benjamites to seize women during a festival at Shiloh, and the account continues with this troubling attempt to preserve the tribe of Benjamin.

Main Themes and Meaning

This chapter emphasizes human vows, the unity of the community, and the dilemmas that result from them. It shows the limits of humanity: good intentions (to punish sin) and immature methods (thoughtless vows) create yet another problem—an imminent threat that one tribe may disappear. The expression repeated in the final verse, "In those days there was no king; everyone did what was right in his own eyes," serves as the conclusion to the entire Book of Judges and encapsulates the confusion of the time.

Points for Reflection

  • Consider how vows and zeal can sometimes put the entire community into trouble.
  • As you reflect on the whole Book of Judges, you can also reconsider the chaos that arises when human limitations are revealed and there is no guidance from God.
  • The portrayal of the tribes helping one another in the process of building up and restoring the community reminds us of the importance of unity.

Try Applying It to Yourself

  • When you feel that your judgment or promise is right, you need to think carefully about whether it truly aligns with the will of the community and God.
  • Rather than insisting on only your own will in times of conflict or difficult circumstances, consider the importance of a mindset that gathers wisdom together and strives for restoration.
  • Let us remember how precious it is to live seeking God’s guidance in finding the right path even amid confusion.

This is the last chapter of Judges.