Numbers 35

Passage overview

Numbers 35 gives instructions about towns for the Levites and cities of refuge for people who have killed someone. The chapter has two main sections: towns and pasturelands for the Levites (verses 1-8), and the function of the cities of refuge together with laws distinguishing murder from accidental killing (verses 9-34).

1verseThe LORD spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying,

2verse“Command the children of Israel to give to the Levites cities to dwell in out of their inheritance. You shall give pasture lands for the cities around them to the Levites.

3verseThey shall have the cities to dwell in. Their pasture lands shall be for their livestock, and for their possessions, and for all their animals.

4verse“The pasture lands of the cities, which you shall give to the Levites, shall be from the wall of the city and outward one thousand cubits around it.

5verseYou shall measure outside of the city for the east side two thousand cubits, and for the south side two thousand cubits, and for the west side two thousand cubits, and for the north side two thousand cubits, the city being in the middle. This shall be the pasture lands of their cities.

6verse“The cities which you shall give to the Levites, they shall be the six cities of refuge, which you shall give for the man slayer to flee to. Besides them you shall give forty-two cities.

7verseAll the cities which you shall give to the Levites shall be forty-eight cities together with their pasture lands.

8verseConcerning the cities which you shall give of the possession of the children of Israel, from the many you shall take many, and from the few you shall take few. Everyone according to his inheritance which he inherits shall give some of his cities to the Levites.”

9verseThe LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

10verse“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you pass over the Jordan into the land of Canaan,

11versethen you shall appoint for yourselves cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the man slayer who kills any person unwittingly may flee there.

12verseThe cities shall be for your refuge from the avenger, that the man slayer not die until he stands before the congregation for judgment.

13verseThe cities which you shall give shall be for you six cities of refuge.

14verseYou shall give three cities beyond the Jordan, and you shall give three cities in the land of Canaan. They shall be cities of refuge.

15verseThese six cities shall be refuge for the children of Israel, for the stranger, and for the foreigner living among them, that everyone who kills any person unwittingly may flee there.

16verse“‘But if he struck him with an instrument of iron, so that he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall surely be put to death.

17verseIf he struck him with a stone in the hand, by which a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall surely be put to death.

18verseOr if he struck him with a weapon of wood in the hand, by which a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall surely be put to death.

19verseThe avenger of blood shall himself put the murderer to death. When he meets him, he shall put him to death.

20verseIf he shoved him out of hatred, or hurled something at him while lying in wait, so that he died,

21verseor in hostility struck him with his hand, so that he died, he who struck him shall surely be put to death. He is a murderer. The avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meets him.

22verse“‘But if he shoved him suddenly without hostility, or hurled on him anything without lying in wait,

23verseor with any stone, by which a man may die, not seeing him, and cast it on him so that he died, and he was not his enemy and not seeking his harm,

24versethen the congregation shall judge between the striker and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances.

25verseThe congregation shall deliver the man slayer out of the hand of the avenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to his city of refuge, where he had fled. He shall dwell therein until the death of the high priest, who was anointed with the holy oil.

26verse“‘But if the man slayer shall at any time go beyond the border of his city of refuge where he flees,

27verseand the avenger of blood finds him outside of the border of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kills the man slayer, he shall not be guilty of blood,

28versebecause he should have remained in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. But after the death of the high priest, the man slayer shall return into the land of his possession.

29verse“‘These things shall be for a statute and ordinance to you throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

30verse“‘Whoever kills any person, the murderer shall be slain based on the testimony of witnesses; but one witness shall not testify alone against any person so that he dies.

31verse“‘Moreover you shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer who is guilty of death. He shall surely be put to death.

32verse“‘You shall take no ransom for him who has fled to his city of refuge, that he may come again to dwell in the land before the death of the priest.

33verse“‘So you shall not pollute the land where you live; for blood pollutes the land. No atonement can be made for the land for the blood that is shed in it, but by the blood of him who shed it.

34verseYou shall not defile the land which you inhabit, where I dwell; for I, the LORD, dwell among the children of Israel.’”

Assigning Towns for the Levites (Verses 1-8)

The Levites do not receive a territorial inheritance like the other tribes, but they are given towns to live in and surrounding pasturelands for their livestock. These towns are provided from the inheritances of the other tribes, with larger tribes giving more and smaller tribes giving fewer.

The System of Cities of Refuge (Verses 9-34)

Six cities of refuge are to be designated, three on each side of the Jordan, so that someone who kills another person unintentionally may flee there from the avenger of blood until standing trial before the congregation. The chapter distinguishes intentional murder from accidental killing and requires justice based on evidence and witnesses. A person guilty of intentional murder cannot be released by ransom, and one who has fled for accidental killing must remain in the city of refuge until the death of the high priest.

Meditation Points

  • The cities of refuge show concern for both justice and protection from uncontrolled revenge.
  • The requirement of witnesses and judgment reminds readers that serious accusations require careful communal discernment.
  • The chapter treats human life as weighty and connects justice with the holiness of the land.

Try Applying It to Me

  • Consider how to pursue justice without acting from revenge or emotion.
  • Reflect on whether your community provides protection for the vulnerable while still taking wrongdoing seriously.