Numbers 23

Passage overview

Numbers 23 continues the story of Balak and Balaam. Balak wants Balaam to curse Israel, but Balaam repeatedly says that he can speak only what God gives him. In this chapter, Balaam delivers two oracles of blessing, and Balak then prepares for a third attempt that continues into Numbers 24.

1verseBalaam said to Balak, “Build here seven altars for me, and prepare here seven bulls and seven rams for me.”

2verseBalak did as Balaam had spoken; and Balak and Balaam offered on every altar a bull and a ram.

3verseBalaam said to Balak, “Stand by your burnt offering, and I will go. Perhaps the LORD will come to meet me. Whatever he shows me I will tell you.” He went to a bare height.

4verseGod met Balaam, and he said to him, “I have prepared the seven altars, and I have offered up a bull and a ram on every altar.”

5verseThe LORD put a word in Balaam’s mouth, and said, “Return to Balak, and thus you shall speak.”

6verseHe returned to him, and behold, he was standing by his burnt offering, he, and all the princes of Moab.

7verseHe took up his parable, and said, “From Aram has Balak brought me, the king of Moab from the mountains of the East. Come, curse Jacob for me. Come, defy Israel.

8verseHow shall I curse whom God has not cursed? How shall I defy whom the LORD has not defied?

9verseFor from the top of the rocks I see him. From the hills I see him. Behold, it is a people that dwells alone, and shall not be listed among the nations.

10verseWho can count the dust of Jacob, or count the fourth part of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous! Let my last end be like his!”

11verseBalak said to Balaam, “What have you done to me? I took you to curse my enemies, and behold, you have blessed them altogether.”

12verseHe answered and said, “Must I not take heed to speak that which the LORD puts in my mouth?”

13verseBalak said to him, “Please come with me to another place, where you may see them. You shall see just part of them, and shall not see them all. Curse them from there for me.”

14verseHe took him into the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, and built seven altars, and offered up a bull and a ram on every altar.

15verseHe said to Balak, “Stand here by your burnt offering, while I meet God over there.”

16verseThe LORD met Balaam, and put a word in his mouth, and said, “Return to Balak, and say this.”

17verseHe came to him, and behold, he was standing by his burnt offering, and the princes of Moab with him. Balak said to him, “What has the LORD spoken?”

18verseHe took up his parable, and said, “Rise up, Balak, and hear! Listen to me, you son of Zippor.

19verseGod is not a man, that he should lie, nor a son of man, that he should repent. Has he said, and he won’t do it? Or has he spoken, and he won’t make it good?

20verseBehold, I have received a command to bless. He has blessed, and I can’t reverse it.

21verseHe has not seen iniquity in Jacob. Neither has he seen perverseness in Israel. The LORD his God is with him. The shout of a king is among them.

22verseGod brings them out of Egypt. He has as it were the strength of the wild ox.

23verseSurely there is no enchantment with Jacob; neither is there any divination with Israel. Now it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel, ‘What has God done!’

24verseBehold, a people rises up as a lioness. As a lion he lifts himself up. He shall not lie down until he eats of the prey, and drinks the blood of the slain.”

25verseBalak said to Balaam, “Neither curse them at all, nor bless them at all.”

26verseBut Balaam answered Balak, “Didn’t I tell you, saying, ‘All that the LORD speaks, that I must do’?”

27verseBalak said to Balaam, “Come now, I will take you to another place; perhaps it will please God that you may curse them for me from there.”

28verseBalak took Balaam to the top of Peor, that looks down on the desert.

29verseBalaam said to Balak, “Build seven altars for me here, and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for me here.”

30verseBalak did as Balaam had said, and offered up a bull and a ram on every altar.

Structure and Flow

  • Verses 1-6: Balak and Balaam prepare seven altars and sacrifices, and Balaam receives a message from God.
  • Verses 7-12: Balaam’s first oracle blesses Israel rather than cursing it.
  • Verses 13-24: Balak moves Balaam to another location, hoping for a different result, but Balaam again declares that God’s blessing cannot be reversed.
  • Verses 25-30: Balak prepares a third location and another set of sacrifices, leading into the next oracle in Numbers 24.

The Overall Meaning of the Text

The central emphasis of the chapter is that human attempts to manipulate blessing and curse cannot overturn God’s declared will. Balaam’s oracles stress that God is not changeable like a human being and that Israel’s security rests in God’s commitment rather than in Balak’s plans.

Points to Ponder

  • Where do human plans appear strong, yet remain unable to change what God has spoken?
  • How does the text portray the difference between religious ritual used for control and speech submitted to God’s command?
  • What does the repeated failure of Balak’s plan suggest about trusting God’s promises?

Try Applying This to Me

This chapter invites readers to examine whether they are trying to force outcomes through fear or control, or whether they are learning to receive and trust what God has spoken. It also encourages careful speech: Balaam can only speak the word given to him, even when that word disappoints the powerful person who hired him.