Numbers 13

Passage overview

Numbers 13 records the sending of twelve men to explore the land of Canaan. God instructs Moses to send a leader from each tribe (verses 1–16), and Moses gives them instructions about what to observe in the land (verses 17–20). The scouts explore the land for forty days and bring back fruit from the land, including a large cluster of grapes (verses 21–25). They then report that the land is rich, but most of the scouts emphasize the strength of its inhabitants and spread fear among the people. Caleb, however, urges confidence that Israel should go up and take possession of the land (verses 26–33).

1verseThe LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

2verse“Send men, that they may spy out the land of Canaan, which I give to the children of Israel. Of every tribe of their fathers, you shall send a man, every one a prince among them.”

3verseMoses sent them from the wilderness of Paran according to the commandment of the LORD. All of them were men who were heads of the children of Israel.

4verseThese were their names: Of the tribe of Reuben, Shammua the son of Zaccur.

5verseOf the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat the son of Hori.

6verseOf the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh.

7verseOf the tribe of Issachar, Igal the son of Joseph.

8verseOf the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Nun.

9verseOf the tribe of Benjamin, Palti the son of Raphu.

10verseOf the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel the son of Sodi.

11verseOf the tribe of Joseph, of the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi the son of Susi.

12verseOf the tribe of Dan, Ammiel the son of Gemalli.

13verseOf the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son of Michael.

14verseOf the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi the son of Vophsi.

15verseOf the tribe of Gad, Geuel the son of Machi.

16verseThese are the names of the men who Moses sent to spy out the land. Moses called Hoshea the son of Nun Joshua.

17verseMoses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said to them, “Go up this way by the South, and go up into the hill country.

18verseSee the land, what it is; and the people who dwell therein, whether they are strong or weak, whether they are few or many;

19verseand what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad; and what cities they are that they dwell in, whether in camps, or in strongholds;

20verseand what the land is, whether it is fertile or poor, whether there is wood therein, or not. Be courageous, and bring some of the fruit of the land.” Now the time was the time of the first-ripe grapes.

21verseSo they went up, and spied out the land from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob, to the entrance of Hamath.

22verseThey went up by the South, and came to Hebron; and Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were there. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.)

23verseThey came to the valley of Eshcol, and cut down from there a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bore it on a staff between two. They also brought some of the pomegranates and figs.

24verseThat place was called the valley of Eshcol, because of the cluster which the children of Israel cut down from there.

25verseThey returned from spying out the land at the end of forty days.

26verseThey went and came to Moses, to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the children of Israel, to the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh; and brought back word to them and to all the congregation. They showed them the fruit of the land.

27verseThey told him, and said, “We came to the land where you sent us. Surely it flows with milk and honey, and this is its fruit.

28verseHowever, the people who dwell in the land are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover, we saw the children of Anak there.

29verseAmalek dwells in the land of the South. The Hittite, the Jebusite, and the Amorite dwell in the hill country. The Canaanite dwells by the sea, and along the side of the Jordan.”

30verseCaleb stilled the people before Moses, and said, “Let’s go up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it!”

31verseBut the men who went up with him said, “We aren’t able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we.”

32verseThey brought up an evil report of the land which they had spied out to the children of Israel, saying, “The land, through which we have gone to spy it out, is a land that eats up its inhabitants; and all the people who we saw in it are men of great stature.

33verseThere we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, who come from the Nephilim. We were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight.”

The Overall Meaning of Chapter 13

This chapter shows Israel standing between promise and fear. The scouts agree that the land is fruitful, but they interpret the obstacles differently. The majority report is shaped by fear, while Caleb’s response is shaped by trust in the promise. The chapter illustrates how the same reality can be viewed either through fear that paralyzes or through faith that acts.

Meditation Points

  • When you face a difficult reality, ask whether fear or trust is shaping your interpretation most strongly.
  • Consider how words spoken within a community can either strengthen courage or spread discouragement.
  • Reflect on the difference between honestly recognizing obstacles and allowing obstacles to define the future.

Try Applying It to Yourself

  • When facing a challenge, name the difficulty honestly while also remembering the promises and values that should guide you.
  • Be careful that your words do not spread fear unnecessarily among those around you.
  • Practice speaking with courage, humility, and realism rather than denial or despair.