Judges 18

Passage overview

Judges 18 begins with the story of the tribe of Dan, one of the tribes of Israel, setting out to find land where it can live. Because the tribe of Dan does not fully take possession of the land allotted to them, they send people as scouts to search for a new place to live. In the process, they visit Micah’s house and find a Levite serving there as well as a carved image and other cultic objects; it then describes how they later conquer the peaceful town of Laish.

1verseIn those days there was no king in Israel. In those days the tribe of the Danites sought an inheritance to dwell in; for to that day, their inheritance had not fallen to them among the tribes of Israel.

2verseThe children of Dan sent five men of their family from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land and to search it. They said to them, “Go, explore the land!” They came to the hill country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, and lodged there.

3verseWhen they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite; so they went over there and said to him, “Who brought you here? What do you do in this place? What do you have here?”

4verseHe said to them, “Thus and thus has Micah dealt with me, and he has hired me, and I have become his priest.”

5verseThey said to him, “Please ask counsel of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.”

6verseThe priest said to them, “Go in peace. Your way in which you go is before the LORD.”

7verseThen the five men departed and came to Laish and saw the people who were there, how they lived in safety, in the way of the Sidonians, quiet and secure; for there was no one in the land possessing authority, that might put them to shame in anything, and they were far from the Sidonians, and had no dealings with anyone else.

8verseThey came to their brothers at Zorah and Eshtaol; and their brothers asked them, “What do you say?”

9verseThey said, “Arise, and let’s go up against them; for we have seen the land, and behold, it is very good. Do you stand still? Don’t be slothful to go and to enter in to possess the land.

10verseWhen you go, you will come to an unsuspecting people, and the land is large; for God has given it into your hand, a place where there is no lack of anything that is in the earth.”

11verseThe family of the Danites set out from Zorah and Eshtaol with six hundred men armed with weapons of war.

12verseThey went up and encamped in Kiriath Jearim in Judah. Therefore they call that place Mahaneh Dan to this day. Behold, it is behind Kiriath Jearim.

13verseThey passed from there to the hill country of Ephraim, and came to the house of Micah.

14verseThen the five men who went to spy out the country of Laish answered and said to their brothers, “Do you know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a carved image, and a molten image? Now therefore consider what you have to do.”

15verseThey went over there and came to the house of the young Levite man, even to the house of Micah, and asked him how he was doing.

16verseThe six hundred men armed with their weapons of war, who were of the children of Dan, stood by the entrance of the gate.

17verseThe five men who went to spy out the land went up, and came in there, and took the engraved image, the ephod, the teraphim, and the molten image; and the priest stood by the entrance of the gate with the six hundred men armed with weapons of war.

18verseWhen these went into Micah’s house, and took the engraved image, the ephod, the teraphim, and the molten image, the priest said to them, “What are you doing?”

19verseThey said to him, “Hold your peace, put your hand on your mouth, and go with us. Be a father and a priest to us. Is it better for you to be priest to the house of one man, or to be priest to a tribe and a family in Israel?”

20verseThe priest’s heart was glad, and he took the ephod, the teraphim, and the engraved image, and went with the people.

21verseSo they turned and departed, and put the little ones, the livestock, and the goods before them.

22verseWhen they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house gathered together and overtook the children of Dan.

23verseAs they called to the children of Dan, they turned their faces, and said to Micah, “What ails you, that you come with such a company?”

24verseHe said, “You have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and have gone away! What more do I have? How can you ask me, ‘What ails you?’”

25verseThe children of Dan said to him, “Don’t let your voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows fall on you, and you lose your life, with the lives of your household.”

26verseThe children of Dan went their way; and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back to his house.

27verseThey took that which Micah had made, and the priest whom he had, and came to Laish, to a people quiet and unsuspecting, and struck them with the edge of the sword; then they burned the city with fire.

28verseThere was no deliverer, because it was far from Sidon, and they had no dealings with anyone else; and it was in the valley that lies by Beth Rehob. They built the city and lived in it.

29verseThey called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born to Israel; however the name of the city used to be Laish.

30verseThe children of Dan set up for themselves the engraved image; and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, and his sons were priests to the tribe of the Danites until the day of the captivity of the land.

31verseSo they set up for themselves Micah’s engraved image which he made, and it remained all the time that God’s house was in Shiloh.

Key Structure and Flow

  • The scouting of the tribe of Dan (verses 1–10): The descendants of Dan send scouts to obtain land, and they encounter a mysterious Levite in the hill country of Ephraim at Micah’s house
  • Visiting Micah’s house (verses 11–26): After completing the scouting, 600 warriors from the tribe of Dan set out and stop at Micah’s house to seize the idols and the Levite
  • The conquest of Laish (verses 27–31): The tribe of Dan advances to Laish, occupies that peaceful place, makes it their own city, and worships the idols brought from Micah’s house

Overall Meaning and Message

This chapter shows the state of spiritual confusion, like the verse, “Everyone did what was right in his own eyes” (implied in verses 1 and 31), because Israel had no king. It satirizes the situation in which the people of Israel were scattered with division in the community, idol worship, and moral wandering, through the story of the tribe of Dan. It reveals the problem of faith’s center shifting away from the LORD to human judgment and self-interest.

Points to Ponder

  • I can reflect on where I place the standards for faith and life.
  • I can meditate on the need for responsible faith for both the community and individuals.
  • Although outwardly I may perform religious acts (like the priesthood and altars), I can be mindful of the way I follow people and idols rather than God himself.

Apply It to Me

  • When I make certain decisions and take actions, let me check whether my standards are based on my thoughts and self-interest or on God’s will and his word.
  • Let me examine whether small spiritual compromises, such as idols, have entered my life, and make an effort to correct them.