Joshua 21

Passage overview

Joshua 21 covers the towns that were given to the Levites as their inheritance after the Israelites settled in the promised land. Overall, the Levites did not receive land like the other twelve tribes of Israel; instead, they were given 48 towns from each tribe and pasturelands for those towns. These towns were assigned to the three families of Gershon, Kohath, and Merari, respectively. This chapter shows how these processes were carried out systematically and how God’s promises were fulfilled.

1verseThen the heads of fathers’ houses of the Levites came near to Eleazar the priest, and to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the heads of fathers’ houses of the tribes of the children of Israel.

2verseThey spoke to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, “The LORD commanded through Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with their pasture lands for our livestock.”

3verseThe children of Israel gave to the Levites out of their inheritance, according to the commandment of the LORD, these cities with their pasture lands.

4verseThe lot came out for the families of the Kohathites. The children of Aaron the priest, who were of the Levites, had thirteen cities by lot out of the tribe of Judah, out of the tribe of the Simeonites, and out of the tribe of Benjamin.

5verseThe rest of the children of Kohath had ten cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim, out of the tribe of Dan, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh.

6verseThe children of Gershon had thirteen cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, out of the tribe of Asher, out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan.

7verseThe children of Merari according to their families had twelve cities out of the tribe of Reuben, out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun.

8verseThe children of Israel gave these cities with their pasture lands by lot to the Levites, as the LORD commanded by Moses.

9verseThey gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are mentioned by name:

10verseand they were for the children of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi; for theirs was the first lot.

11verseThey gave them Kiriath Arba, named after the father of Anak (also called Hebron), in the hill country of Judah, with its pasture lands around it.

12verseBut they gave the fields of the city and its villages to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession.

13verseTo the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Libnah with its pasture lands,

14verseJattir with its pasture lands, Eshtemoa with its pasture lands,

15verseHolon with its pasture lands, Debir with its pasture lands,

16verseAin with its pasture lands, Juttah with its pasture lands, and Beth Shemesh with its pasture lands: nine cities out of those two tribes.

17verseOut of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with its pasture lands, Geba with its pasture lands,

18verseAnathoth with its pasture lands, and Almon with its pasture lands: four cities.

19verseAll the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with their pasture lands.

20verseThe families of the children of Kohath, the Levites, even the rest of the children of Kohath, had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim.

21verseThey gave them Shechem with its pasture lands in the hill country of Ephraim, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Gezer with its pasture lands,

22verseKibzaim with its pasture lands, and Beth Horon with its pasture lands: four cities.

23verseOut of the tribe of Dan, Elteke with its pasture lands, Gibbethon with its pasture lands,

24verseAijalon with its pasture lands, Gath Rimmon with its pasture lands: four cities.

25verseOut of the half-tribe of Manasseh, Taanach with its pasture lands, and Gath Rimmon with its pasture lands: two cities.

26verseAll the cities of the families of the rest of the children of Kohath were ten with their pasture lands.

27verseThey gave to the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the half-tribe of Manasseh Golan in Bashan with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Be Eshterah with its pasture lands: two cities.

28verseOut of the tribe of Issachar, Kishion with its pasture lands, Daberath with its pasture lands,

29verseJarmuth with its pasture lands, En Gannim with its pasture lands: four cities.

30verseOut of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with its pasture lands, Abdon with its pasture lands,

31verseHelkath with its pasture lands, and Rehob with its pasture lands: four cities.

32verseOut of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Hammothdor with its pasture lands, and Kartan with its pasture lands: three cities.

33verseAll the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their pasture lands.

34verseTo the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with its pasture lands, Kartah with its pasture lands,

35verseDimnah with its pasture lands, and Nahalal with its pasture lands: four cities.

36verseOut of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with its pasture lands, Jahaz with its pasture lands,

37verseKedemoth with its pasture lands, and Mephaath with its pasture lands: four cities.

38verseOut of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Mahanaim with its pasture lands,

39verseHeshbon with its pasture lands, Jazer with its pasture lands: four cities in all.

40verseAll these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites. Their lot was twelve cities.

41verseAll the cities of the Levites among the possessions of the children of Israel were forty-eight cities with their pasture lands.

42verseEach of these cities included their pasture lands around them. It was this way with all these cities.

43verseSo the LORD gave to Israel all the land which he swore to give to their fathers. They possessed it, and lived in it.

44verseThe LORD gave them rest all around, according to all that he swore to their fathers. Not a man of all their enemies stood before them. The LORD delivered all their enemies into their hand.

45verseNothing failed of any good thing which the LORD had spoken to the house of Israel. All came to pass.

The Portion of the Levites and the Meaning of Community

Because the tribe of Levi was responsible for sanctuary-related service, while Aaron’s line carried out priestly duties, they did not receive extensive land like the other tribes. Instead, by being scattered within the land of each tribe and receiving towns, they helped ensure that every tribe could worship God. This means that the presence of the Levites played a spiritual center role for the entire community. By each tribe giving towns from its own portion for the Levites, we can see a message that God wanted the entire Israelite community to live together and cooperate with one another.

The Fulfillment of God’s Promise

In the final part of Joshua 21 (verses 43–45), it emphasizes that every promise God made to the ancestors was fulfilled. God gave them all the land he had promised Israel, allowed them to live in peace, and also defeated all their enemies who rose against them. By repeatedly confirming that not a single promise failed, the passage highlights God’s faithfulness and guidance.

Meditation Points

  • You can reflect on the idea that when the things God commands and the order he establishes are faithfully upheld, harmony and blessing for the community are realized.
  • Remember God’s character of keeping his promises to the end, and learn that our own life’s promises can also be trusted.
  • Even though each person receives different roles and portions, you can think again that all of Israel are equally precious in God’s sight.

Try Applying It to Yourself

  • You can examine whether you are practicing sharing and serving with the people around you and within your community.
  • Whether the role God has entrusted to you is great or small, check whether you are receiving it with joy and gratitude.
  • You can also decide to live with hope and perseverance, trusting in God’s faithfulness and committing to live out the promises that will be fulfilled in your life.