Esther 9
Esther 9 records the climactic moment when the Jews in the Persian kingdom are saved from a crisis of annihilation and destruction. The plot for the massacre of the Jews that Haman had devised is instead reversed, and the focus is on scenes in which the Jews stand up against those who intended to harm them and protect themselves. It also explains in detail the origin of Purim, which commemorates this event.
1verseNow in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the month, when the king’s commandment and his decree came near to be put in execution, on the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to conquer them, (but it turned out that the opposite happened, that the Jews conquered those who hated them),
2versethe Jews gathered themselves together in their cities throughout all the provinces of the King Ahasuerus, to lay hands on those who wanted to harm them. No one could withstand them, because the fear of them had fallen on all the people.
3verseAll the princes of the provinces, the local governors, the governors, and those who did the king’s business helped the Jews, because the fear of Mordecai had fallen on them.
4verseFor Mordecai was great in the king’s house, and his fame went out throughout all the provinces, for the man Mordecai grew greater and greater.
5verseThe Jews struck all their enemies with the stroke of the sword, and with slaughter and destruction, and did what they wanted to those who hated them.
6verseIn the citadel of Susa, the Jews killed and destroyed five hundred men.
7verseThey killed Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha,
8versePoratha, Adalia, Aridatha,
9verseParmashta, Arisai, Aridai, and Vaizatha,
10versethe ten sons of Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Jews’ enemy, but they didn’t lay their hand on the plunder.
11verseOn that day, the number of those who were slain in the citadel of Susa was brought before the king.
12verseThe king said to Esther the queen, “The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in the citadel of Susa, including the ten sons of Haman; what then have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces! Now what is your petition? It shall be granted you. What is your further request? It shall be done.”
13verseThen Esther said, “If it pleases the king, let it be granted to the Jews who are in Susa to do tomorrow also according to today’s decree, and let Haman’s ten sons be hanged on the gallows.”
14verseThe king commanded this to be done. A decree was given out in Susa; and they hanged Haman’s ten sons.
15verseThe Jews who were in Susa gathered themselves together on the fourteenth day also of the month Adar, and killed three hundred men in Susa; but they didn’t lay their hand on the plunder.
16verseThe other Jews who were in the king’s provinces gathered themselves together, defended their lives, had rest from their enemies, and killed seventy-five thousand of those who hated them; but they didn’t lay their hand on the plunder.
17verseThis was done on the thirteenth day of the month Adar; and on the fourteenth day of that month they rested and made it a day of feasting and gladness.
18verseBut the Jews who were in Susa assembled together on the thirteenth and on the fourteenth days of the month; and on the fifteenth day of that month, they rested, and made it a day of feasting and gladness.
19verseTherefore the Jews of the villages, who live in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, a holiday, and a day of sending presents of food to one another.
20verseMordecai wrote these things, and sent letters to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of the King Ahasuerus, both near and far,
21verseto enjoin them that they should keep the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month Adar yearly,
22verseas the days in which the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month which was turned to them from sorrow to gladness, and from mourning into a holiday; that they should make them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending presents of food to one another, and gifts to the needy.
23verseThe Jews accepted the custom that they had begun, as Mordecai had written to them,
24versebecause Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast “Pur”, that is the lot, to consume them and to destroy them;
25versebut when this became known to the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked plan, which he had planned against the Jews, should return on his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.
26verseTherefore they called these days “Purim”, from the word “Pur.” Therefore because of all the words of this letter, and of that which they had seen concerning this matter, and that which had come to them,
27versethe Jews established and imposed on themselves, on their descendants, and on all those who joined themselves to them, so that it should not fail that they would keep these two days according to what was written and according to its appointed time every year;
28verseand that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and every city; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews, nor their memory perish from their offspring.
29verseThen Esther the queen, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew wrote with all authority to confirm this second letter of Purim.
30verseHe sent letters to all the Jews in the hundred twenty-seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus with words of peace and truth,
31verseto confirm these days of Purim in their appointed times, as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had decreed, and as they had imposed upon themselves and their descendants in the matter of the fastings and their mourning.
32verseThe commandment of Esther confirmed these matters of Purim; and it was written in the book.
Structure and Flow
- Verses 1–5: The day meant for harming the Jews (the 13th day of Adar) becomes the day when the Jews subdue their enemies
- Verses 6–19: What happens in Susa and the provinces, and the Jews punish those who rise against them
- Verses 20–32: The Jews decide to observe Purim to commemorate their deliverance, and establish its meaning and statutes
Key Meaning
This chapter shows that a new path of hope can be opened in every situation through an event in which a destruction seemingly determined like “fate” is turned completely around. In the face of a life-and-death crisis, the Jews unite as one and protect themselves and the next generation, making this day a festival to remember forever. As a result, it becomes an important religious legacy that carries forward the community’s collective memory and unity.
Meditation Points
- Reflect on the narrative’s theme of reversal, through which despair is turned into hope.
- Consider the wisdom for overcoming crises by experiencing collective deliverance and strengthening unity within the community.
- You can also think about how you commemorate the joy of deliverance in your life in what ways you are doing so.
Applying to My Life
- Take a moment to recall how, in your life’s hardships and crises, God provided an unexpected breakthrough.
- In your community, hold the courage to not ignore neighbors who are struggling, but to stand together and help.
- When you experience great grace and joy, find ways to commemorate that memory in your own way and turn it into acts of gratitude.