2 Samuel 21
2 Samuel 21 gathers the late-kingdom events from the days of King David and can be seen as part of the epilogue structure. The chapter is divided into two main parts. First (verses 1-14) is a scene in which the causes of the famine are sought and reconciliation with the people of Gibeon is used to try to restore justice to society. Second (verses 15-22) summarizes heroic battles in which David and his men fight and win against various Philistine giants.
1verseThere was a famine in the days of David for three years, year after year; and David sought the face of the LORD. The LORD said, “It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put the Gibeonites to death.”
2verseThe king called the Gibeonites and said to them (now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites, and the children of Israel had sworn to them; and Saul sought to kill them in his zeal for the children of Israel and Judah);
3verseand David said to the Gibeonites, “What should I do for you? And with what should I make atonement, that you may bless the LORD’s inheritance?”
4verseThe Gibeonites said to him, “It is no matter of silver or gold between us and Saul or his house; neither is it for us to put any man to death in Israel.” He said, “I will do for you whatever you say.”
5verseThey said to the king, “The man who consumed us and who plotted against us, that we should be destroyed from remaining in any of the borders of Israel,
6verselet seven men of his sons be delivered to us, and we will hang them up to the LORD in Gibeah of Saul, the chosen of the LORD.” The king said, “I will give them.”
7verseBut the king spared Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of the LORD’s oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul.
8verseBut the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Merab the daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite.
9verseHe delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites; and they hanged them on the mountain before the LORD, and all seven of them fell together. They were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, at the beginning of barley harvest.
10verseRizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water poured on them from the sky. She allowed neither the birds of the sky to rest on them by day, nor the animals of the field by night.
11verseDavid was told what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
12verseSo David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh Gilead, who had stolen them from the street of Beth Shan, where the Philistines had hanged them in the day that the Philistines killed Saul in Gilboa;
13verseand he brought up from there the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son. They also gathered the bones of those who were hanged.
14verseThey buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in the country of Benjamin in Zela, in the tomb of Kish his father; and they performed all that the king commanded. After that, God answered prayer for the land.
15verseThe Philistines had war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines. David grew faint;
16verseand Ishbibenob, who was of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose spear was three hundred shekels of bronze in weight, he being armed with a new sword, thought he would kill David.
17verseBut Abishai the son of Zeruiah helped him, and struck the Philistine and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, “Don’t go out with us to battle any more, so that you don’t quench the lamp of Israel.”
18verseAfter this, there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant.
19verseThere was again war with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
20verseThere was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on every hand and six toes on every foot, twenty-four in number, and he also was born to the giant.
21verseWhen he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him.
22verseThese four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.
Causes and Resolution of the Famine (Verses 1-14)
In the first part, it becomes clear that the cause of the famine lasting three years was the sin Saul committed against the people of Gibeon. At the time, Gibeon had made a covenant with Israel, but Saul broke it and killed them. God regarded this as wrongdoing and brought calamity upon Israel. David asks the people of Gibeon for forgiveness, and they demand that they be given seven of Saul’s sons. David agrees to the demand, and after the executions take place and the scene deepens through the sorrow and devoted actions of Rizpah, the incident comes to an end as God sends rain upon the land.
War Against the Philistine Giants (Verses 15-22)
In this section, although David goes out to the battlefield himself, he is in a crisis of being brought down due to old age, and his men protect him. The subsequent battle emphasizes that David’s warriors defeated multiple Philistine giants. This account shows that what David and his army achieved was not just the heroic battle of an individual, but an accomplishment made through communal leadership and the devotion of the warriors.
Overall Meaning
2 Samuel 21 reveals that God’s justice, the faithfulness of His promise and the sacrifice and cooperation of members of the community are important values. It calls to remember that this is not a time to stay silent or try to cover up past sins, but rather to find the root, carry out responsibility, and hold an attitude that respects promises. It also says that a community is not sustained by only the abilities of individual leaders, and that the roles of fellow workers who journey together are important.
Points to Ponder
- Past mistakes and responsibility: We check whether there is any responsibility that I or the community has postponed or ignored in daily life.
- The weight of the promises kept: We reconsider the meaning of the promises I have made (words, relationships, and vows of faith) and the way I practice them.
- The strength of the community: We reflect on the preciousness of a life built together, not alone.
Try Applying It to Me
- If past wounds or wrongs have not been healed, we commit ourselves to making the effort to acknowledge them with courage and resolve them properly.
- Among all the promises connected to me (home, work, friends, etc.), we look back to see what I must keep, and decide to live faithfully.
- We also commit ourselves to not trying to accomplish everything alone, but to value cooperation and partnership with people around us as we live.