2 Kings 17

Passage overview

2 Kings 17 is a very important chapter that deals with historical events surrounding the fall of the northern kingdom of Israel. It provides a detailed account of how Samaria was captured by Assyria during the reign of the last king of Israel, Hoshea, leading to the downfall of northern Israel. Overall, this chapter has the following structure:

  • Verses 1-6: Hoshea’s reign and the downfall of northern Israel (the fall of Samaria)
  • Verses 7-23: a theological explanation of the causes of the downfall of northern Israel
  • Verses 24-33: the situation in which Assyria relocated foreign peoples to Samaria, resulting in a mixed religion
  • Verses 34-41: the religious life of the new residents and the continued disobedience of the Israelites

1verseIn the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah, Hoshea the son of Elah began to reign in Samaria over Israel for nine years.

2verseHe did that which was evil in the LORD’s sight, yet not as the kings of Israel who were before him.

3verseShalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute.

4verseThe king of Assyria discovered a conspiracy in Hoshea; for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and offered no tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year. Therefore the king of Assyria seized him, and bound him in prison.

5verseThen the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years.

6verseIn the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria and carried Israel away to Assyria, and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

7verseIt was so because the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

8verseand walked in the statutes of the nations whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they made.

9verseThe children of Israel secretly did things that were not right against the LORD their God; and they built high places for themselves in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fortified city;

10verseand they set up for themselves pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree;

11verseand there they burned incense in all the high places, as the nations whom the LORD carried away before them did; and they did wicked things to provoke the LORD to anger;

12verseand they served idols, of which the LORD had said to them, “You shall not do this thing.”

13verseYet the LORD testified to Israel and to Judah, by every prophet and every seer, saying, “Turn from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.”

14verseNotwithstanding, they would not listen, but hardened their neck like the neck of their fathers who didn’t believe in the LORD their God.

15verseThey rejected his statutes and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified to them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and followed the nations that were around them, concerning whom the LORD had commanded them that they should not do like them.

16verseThey abandoned all the commandments of the LORD their God, and made molten images for themselves, even two calves, and made an Asherah, and worshiped all the army of the sky, and served Baal.

17verseThey caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do that which was evil in the LORD’s sight, to provoke him to anger.

18verseTherefore the LORD was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight. There was none left but the tribe of Judah only.

19verseAlso Judah didn’t keep the commandments of the LORD their God, but walked in the statutes of Israel which they made.

20verseThe LORD rejected all the offspring of Israel, afflicted them, and delivered them into the hands of raiders, until he had cast them out of his sight.

21verseFor he tore Israel from David’s house; and they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king; and Jeroboam drove Israel from following the LORD, and made them sin a great sin.

22verseThe children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they didn’t depart from them

23verseuntil the LORD removed Israel out of his sight, as he said by all his servants the prophets. So Israel was carried away out of their own land to Assyria to this day.

24verseThe king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, from Cuthah, from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria and lived in its cities.

25verseSo it was, at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they didn’t fear the LORD. Therefore the LORD sent lions among them, which killed some of them.

26verseTherefore they spoke to the king of Assyria, saying, “The nations which you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria don’t know the law of the god of the land. Therefore he has sent lions among them; and behold, they kill them, because they don’t know the law of the god of the land.”

27verseThen the king of Assyria commanded, saying, “Carry there one of the priests whom you brought from there; and let him go and dwell there, and let him teach them the law of the god of the land.”

28verseSo one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and lived in Bethel, and taught them how they should fear the LORD.

29verseHowever every nation made gods of their own, and put them in the houses of the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities in which they lived.

30verseThe men of Babylon made Succoth Benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima,

31verseand the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the Sepharvites burned their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim.

32verseSo they feared the LORD, and also made from among themselves priests of the high places for themselves, who sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places.

33verseThey feared the LORD, and also served their own gods, after the ways of the nations from among whom they had been carried away.

34verseTo this day they do what they did before. They don’t fear the LORD, and they do not follow the statutes, or the ordinances, or the law, or the commandment which the LORD commanded the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel;

35versewith whom the LORD had made a covenant and commanded them, saying, “You shall not fear other gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them;

36versebut you shall fear the LORD, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt with great power and with an outstretched arm, and you shall bow yourselves to him, and you shall sacrifice to him.

37verseThe statutes and the ordinances, and the law and the commandment which he wrote for you, you shall observe to do forever more. You shall not fear other gods.

38verseYou shall not forget the covenant that I have made with you. You shall not fear other gods.

39verseBut you shall fear the LORD your God, and he will deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies.”

40verseHowever they didn’t listen, but they did what they did before.

41verseSo these nations feared the LORD, and also served their engraved images. Their children did likewise, and so did their children’s children. They do as their fathers did to this day.

The Flow and Key Meaning of 2 Kings 17

The central point of this chapter is that the northern kingdom of Israel ultimately fell because it departed from God’s law and commandments and adopted idol worship and various evil practices. Beyond being a mere political incident, it emphasizes that the downfall came as the result of abandoning the covenant with God. It also warns against the appearance of a mixed religion in which the people of Samaria worshiped foreign gods and the Lord at the same time. This record is not simply a account of the past; it provides warnings and lessons to those who live as God’s people.

Meditation Points

  • Let us think deeply about how important it is to keep the covenant with God, and what results follow when we repeatedly abandon that covenant.
  • Let us also look back to see whether there are elements in our own faith that prevent us from serving God fully and instead distract our hearts with other things.

Apply It to Yourself

  • Let us examine our priorities in life and the purity of our faith, and focus on restoring our relationship with God.
  • Let the failure of northern Israel serve as a boundary marker for my own life, and then reflect and make a decision about whether there are areas where I compromise in my faith life, or—without realizing it—am leaning on something other than God.