2 Kings 15
2 Kings 15 chronicles the coronation, reigns, and deaths of various kings of the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah in chronological order. In this chapter, the reign of Azariah (Uzziah) of Judah and the brief or unstable reigns of several kings of Israel—Zechariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, and Pekah—are described, revealing political turmoil and instability. At the same time, the long reign of Azariah and its resulting consequences are also mentioned.
1verseIn the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Azariah son of Amaziah king of Judah began to reign.
2verseHe was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jecoliah of Jerusalem.
3verseHe did that which was right in the LORD’s eyes, according to all that his father Amaziah had done.
4verseHowever, the high places were not taken away. The people still sacrificed and burned incense in the high places.
5verseThe LORD struck the king, so that he was a leper to the day of his death, and lived in a separate house. Jotham, the king’s son, was over the household, judging the people of the land.
6verseNow the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
7verseAzariah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his fathers in David’s city; and Jotham his son reigned in his place.
8verseIn the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah, Zechariah the son of Jeroboam reigned over Israel in Samaria six months.
9verseHe did that which was evil in the LORD’s sight, as his fathers had done. He didn’t depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin.
10verseShallum the son of Jabesh conspired against him, and struck him before the people and killed him, and reigned in his place.
11verseNow the rest of the acts of Zechariah, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
12verseThis was the LORD’s word which he spoke to Jehu, saying, “Your sons to the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of Israel.” So it came to pass.
13verseShallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the thirty-ninth year of Uzziah king of Judah, and he reigned for a month in Samaria.
14verseMenahem the son of Gadi went up from Tirzah, came to Samaria, struck Shallum the son of Jabesh in Samaria, killed him, and reigned in his place.
15verseNow the rest of the acts of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he made, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
16verseThen Menahem attacked Tiphsah and all who were in it and its border areas, from Tirzah. He attacked it because they didn’t open their gates to him, and he ripped up all their women who were with child.
17verseIn the thirty ninth year of Azariah king of Judah, Menahem the son of Gadi began to reign over Israel for ten years in Samaria.
18verseHe did that which was evil in the LORD’s sight. He didn’t depart all his days from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin.
19versePul the king of Assyria came against the land, and Menahem gave Pul one thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand.
20verseMenahem exacted the money from Israel, even from all the mighty men of wealth, from each man fifty shekels of silver, to give to the king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria turned back, and didn’t stay there in the land.
21verseNow the rest of the acts of Menahem, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
22verseMenahem slept with his fathers, and Pekahiah his son reigned in his place.
23verseIn the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekahiah the son of Menahem began to reign over Israel in Samaria for two years.
24verseHe did that which was evil in the LORD’s sight. He didn’t depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin.
25versePekah the son of Remaliah, his captain, conspired against him and attacked him in Samaria, in the fortress of the king’s house, with Argob and Arieh; and with him were fifty men of the Gileadites. He killed him, and reigned in his place.
26verseNow the rest of the acts of Pekahiah, and all that he did, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
27verseIn the fifty-second year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekah the son of Remaliah began to reign over Israel in Samaria for twenty years.
28verseHe did that which was evil in the LORD’s sight. He didn’t depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin.
29verseIn the days of Pekah king of Israel, Tiglath Pileser king of Assyria came and took Ijon, Abel Beth Maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali; and he carried them captive to Assyria.
30verseHoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, attacked him, killed him, and reigned in his place, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah.
31verseNow the rest of the acts of Pekah, and all that he did, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
32verseIn the second year of Pekah the son of Remaliah king of Israel, Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah began to reign.
33verseHe was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jerusha the daughter of Zadok.
34verseHe did that which was right in the LORD’s eyes. He did according to all that his father Uzziah had done.
35verseHowever the high places were not taken away. The people still sacrificed and burned incense in the high places. He built the upper gate of the LORD’s house.
36verseNow the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
37verseIn those days, the LORD began to send Rezin the king of Syria and Pekah the son of Remaliah against Judah.
38verseJotham slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in his father David’s city; and Ahaz his son reigned in his place.
Summary of Key People and Events
| King's name | Kingdom | Characteristics and events |
|---|---|---|
| Azariah (Uzziah) | Judah | He acted honestly in the sight of the LORD. He was afflicted with a serious skin disease and lived in a separate house. |
| Zechariah | Israel | He was murdered by Shallum after six months. |
| Shallum | Israel | He was murdered by Menahem after one month. |
| Menahem | Israel | He became king through brutal means. He paid tribute to the king of Assyria. |
| Pekahiah | Israel | The son of Menahem. He was murdered by Pekah. |
| Pekah | Israel | He reigned for twenty years. Internal conflict among the people continued. |
The Meaning and Message of the Whole Chapter
This chapter shows that when both Judah and Israel turn away from God’s will, political confusion and crisis come upon them. In particular, in the northern kingdom of Israel, the instability of the nation deepens due to frequent changes of kings and murders, as well as invasions by foreign powers. The repeated phrase, “did not do what was right in the sight of the LORD,” points to the cause as spiritual disobedience. However, because of the promise God made to David, it implies that the southern kingdom still remains under God’s protection.
Meditation Points
- Pay attention to the fact that the root cause of the kings’ successes and failures are evaluated in the text through their covenant faithfulness and relationship with God.
- Reflect by contrasting the instability of human politics that changes quickly with God’s unchanging promises.
- Take time to think about the role and influence of spiritual leaders.
Apply It to My Life
- In the decisions and choices I make in my life, reflect on whether I am seeking and following God’s will.
- Recheck that it is not merely external success or stability, but the right relationship with God that is the foundation of life.
- If I am in a position where I influence others in my home, workplace, or community, take time to examine myself by considering what kind of leadership I have, comparing myself with the kings in this passage.