1 Samuel 6
1 Samuel 6 records what happened after the Philistines took God’s Ark of the Covenant (the covenant chest, the ark of the law) from Israel. When a plague fell on the Philistine region that possessed the ark, the Philistine leaders decided to send the ark back to Israel. This chapter can be broadly divided into the following structure:
- Verses 1–9: The discussion and preparations of the Philistine leaders who decide to return the ark
- Verses 10–12: The experiment of sending the ark by putting it on a cart pulled by cows, and the results
- Verses 13–18: The scene of the people of Beth Shemesh receiving the ark and offering sacrifices
- Verses 19–21: A story of the people of Beth Shemesh suffering a plague after handling the ark carelessly
1verseThe LORD’s ark was in the country of the Philistines seven months.
2verseThe Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, “What shall we do with the LORD’s ark? Show us how we should send it to its place.”
3verseThey said, “If you send away the ark of the God of Israel, don’t send it empty; but by all means return a trespass offering to him. Then you will be healed, and it will be known to you why his hand is not removed from you.”
4verseThen they said, “What should the trespass offering be which we shall return to him?” They said, “Five golden tumors and five golden mice, for the number of the lords of the Philistines; for one plague was on you all, and on your lords.
5verseTherefore you shall make images of your tumors and images of your mice that mar the land; and you shall give glory to the God of Israel. Perhaps he will release his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land.
6verseWhy then do you harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? When he had worked wonderfully among them, didn’t they let the people go, and they departed?
7verse“Now therefore take and prepare yourselves a new cart and two milk cows on which there has come no yoke; and tie the cows to the cart, and bring their calves home from them;
8verseand take the LORD’s ark and lay it on the cart. Put the jewels of gold, which you return him for a trespass offering, in a box by its side; and send it away, that it may go.
9verseBehold, if it goes up by the way of its own border to Beth Shemesh, then he has done us this great evil; but if not, then we shall know that it is not his hand that struck us. It was a chance that happened to us.”
10verseThe men did so, and took two milk cows and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home.
11verseThey put the LORD’s ark on the cart, and the box with the golden mice and the images of their tumors.
12verseThe cows took the straight way by the way to Beth Shemesh. They went along the highway, lowing as they went, and didn’t turn away to the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the Philistines went after them to the border of Beth Shemesh.
13verseThe people of Beth Shemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the valley; and they lifted up their eyes and saw the ark, and rejoiced to see it.
14verseThe cart came into the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh, and stood there, where there was a great stone. Then they split the wood of the cart and offered up the cows for a burnt offering to the LORD.
15verseThe Levites took down the LORD’s ark and the box that was with it, in which the jewels of gold were, and put them on the great stone; and the men of Beth Shemesh offered burnt offerings and sacrificed sacrifices the same day to the LORD.
16verseWhen the five lords of the Philistines had seen it, they returned to Ekron the same day.
17verseThese are the golden tumors which the Philistines returned for a trespass offering to the LORD: for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Ashkelon one, for Gath one, for Ekron one;
18verseand the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fortified cities and of country villages, even to the great stone on which they set down the LORD’s ark. That stone remains to this day in the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh.
19verseHe struck of the men of Beth Shemesh, because they had looked into the LORD’s ark, he struck fifty thousand seventy of the men. Then the people mourned, because the LORD had struck the people with a great slaughter.
20verseThe men of Beth Shemesh said, “Who is able to stand before the LORD, this holy God? To whom shall he go up from us?”
21verseThey sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kiriath Jearim, saying, “The Philistines have brought back the LORD’s ark. Come down and bring it up to yourselves.”
The Meaning of Returning the Ark
When the Philistines send the Ark of the Covenant back, they want to confirm that the plague is not due to chance. So they place the ark on a new cart pulled by cows and send it along with a guilt offering consisting of five gold tumors and five gold rats. This is an act of acknowledging that the plague that has come upon them is because of Israel’s God and the Ark of the Covenant. Through the way the Ark of the Covenant travels straight to the land of Israel, to Beth Shemesh, in the direction it goes, the scene shows that they recognize God’s sovereignty and the presence of the Ark of the Covenant.
Welcoming the Ark and Making a Mistake in Beth Shemesh
While the people of Beth Shemesh are harvesting crops in the fields, they receive the Ark of the Covenant and offer burnt offerings to God. However, some of them look into the ark carelessly, and as a result, many people experience a plague. This shows how important an attitude of reverence for God and holiness is.
Overall Meaning and Message
1 Samuel 6 deals with God’s presence and holiness, and with the human response and responsibility toward that. Even the Gentiles, the Philistines, are shown to fear before God’s power, and Israel is also shown to be judged in the same way when they do not keep God’s law and decrees. Therefore, it implies that an attitude of respect and obedience is necessary in how we approach God.
Points for Reflection
- Am I not treating God as “familiar,” or taking the preciousness of faith for granted?
- Am I focusing not on the appearance that has been stripped away, but on His holiness and His presence itself?
- What reverence and attitude should I maintain in the presence of God?
Try Applying It to Yourself
- In everyday life, you can recognize and be in awe of the fact that you stand in the presence of God, and renew your heart with reverence.
- You learn how important it is to carry out any religious rituals or traditions in a way that is appropriate to God’s will.
- In my daily life, I can think through specific actions to honor and respect God.