1 Samuel 1
1 Samuel covers the birth background of Samuel, a key figure at an important turning point connecting the era of judges and the era of kings in Israel. The story unfolds centered on Elkanah, a devout man, his two wives—Hannah and Peninnah—and Hannah’s faithful attitude of praying to the LORD.
1verseNow there was a certain man of Ramathaim Zophim, of the hill country of Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite.
2verseHe had two wives. The name of one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.
3verseThis man went up out of his city from year to year to worship and to sacrifice to the LORD of Armies in Shiloh. The two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, priests to the LORD, were there.
4verseWhen the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he gave portions to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and her daughters;
5versebut he gave a double portion to Hannah, for he loved Hannah, but the LORD had shut up her womb.
6verseHer rival provoked her severely, to irritate her, because the LORD had shut up her womb.
7verseSo year by year, when she went up to the LORD’s house, her rival provoked her. Therefore she wept, and didn’t eat.
8verseElkanah her husband said to her, “Hannah, why do you weep? Why don’t you eat? Why is your heart grieved? Am I not better to you than ten sons?”
9verseSo Hannah rose up after they had finished eating and drinking in Shiloh. Now Eli the priest was sitting on his seat by the doorpost of the LORD’s temple.
10verseShe was in bitterness of soul, and prayed to the LORD, weeping bitterly.
11verseShe vowed a vow, and said, “LORD of Armies, if you will indeed look at the affliction of your servant and remember me, and not forget your servant, but will give to your servant a boy, then I will give him to the LORD all the days of his life, and no razor shall come on his head.”
12verseAs she continued praying before the LORD, Eli saw her mouth.
13verseNow Hannah spoke in her heart. Only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard. Therefore Eli thought she was drunk.
14verseEli said to her, “How long will you be drunk? Get rid of your wine!”
15verseHannah answered, “No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit. I have not been drinking wine or strong drink, but I poured out my soul before the LORD.
16verseDon’t consider your servant a wicked woman; for I have been speaking out of the abundance of my complaint and my provocation.”
17verseThen Eli answered, “Go in peace; and may the God of Israel grant your petition that you have asked of him.”
18verseShe said, “Let your servant find favor in your sight.” So the woman went her way and ate; and her facial expression wasn’t sad any more.
19verseThey rose up in the morning early and worshiped the LORD, then returned and came to their house to Ramah. Then Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and the LORD remembered her.
20verseWhen the time had come, Hannah conceived, and bore a son; and she named him Samuel, saying, “Because I have asked him of the LORD.”
21verseThe man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer to the LORD the yearly sacrifice and his vow.
22verseBut Hannah didn’t go up, for she said to her husband, “Not until the child is weaned; then I will bring him, that he may appear before the LORD, and stay there forever.”
23verseElkanah her husband said to her, “Do what seems good to you. Wait until you have weaned him; only may the LORD establish his word.” So the woman waited and nursed her son until she weaned him.
24verseWhen she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bulls, and one ephah of meal, and a container of wine, and brought him to the LORD’s house in Shiloh. The child was young.
25verseThey killed the bull, and brought the child to Eli.
26verseShe said, “Oh, my lord, as your soul lives, my lord, I am the woman who stood by you here, praying to the LORD.
27verseI prayed for this child, and the LORD has given me my petition which I asked of him.
28verseTherefore I have also given him to the LORD. As long as he lives he is given to the LORD.” He worshiped the LORD there.
The Structure and Flow of Chapter 1
- Family story: In the opening, the family’s visit to the sanctuary for worship and sacrifices, as well as conflicts within the home (especially between Hannah and Peninnah), are introduced.
- Hannah’s prayer: The account describes Hannah, who is suffering because she has no children, earnestly praying to God. Hannah vows that if God gives her a child, she will offer the child to God.
- Meeting Eli: Eli, a priest in Shiloh, initially misinterprets Hannah, but in the end he delivers words of blessing.
- Response and fulfillment: Hannah receives a son, Samuel, in response to God, and gives him to God as promised.
The Meaning of This Chapter
Through the suffering and pleading of a woman and God’s response, this chapter dramatizes the birth of a person (Samuel) who will lead Israel in a new direction. It is also a turning point where an individual’s story expands to the national level, and a chapter that sets an example of faith and prayer.
Reflection Points
- In a situation of pain and despair, how do you see the prayer and trust that Hannah showed?
- Hannah faithfully keeps her vow (her pledge) before God and returns the blessings she received to God again. How is the practice of faith reflected in your own life?
Apply It to Me
- Reflect on whether you are honestly bringing to God the things you long for and the problems you are wrestling with.
- After receiving an answer, think about how you can return that grace to God again.