1 Kings 1
1 Kings Chapter 1 focuses on the final days of King David and the process of Solomon’s accession. As David grows old and his strength wanes, a crisis and conflict arise surrounding the succession to the throne. This chapter presents the important theme of Israel’s royal succession within its historical flow.
1verseNow King David was old and advanced in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he couldn’t keep warm.
2verseTherefore his servants said to him, “Let a young virgin be sought for my lord the king. Let her stand before the king, and cherish him; and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may keep warm.”
3verseSo they sought for a beautiful young lady throughout all the borders of Israel, and found Abishag the Shunammite, and brought her to the king.
4verseThe young lady was very beautiful; and she cherished the king, and served him; but the king didn’t know her intimately.
5verseThen Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, “I will be king.” Then he prepared him chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him.
6verseHis father had not displeased him at any time in saying, “Why have you done so?” and he was also a very handsome man; and he was born after Absalom.
7verseHe conferred with Joab the son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest; and they followed Adonijah and helped him.
8verseBut Zadok the priest, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei, Rei, and the mighty men who belonged to David, were not with Adonijah.
9verseAdonijah killed sheep, cattle, and fatlings by the stone of Zoheleth, which is beside En Rogel; and he called all his brothers, the king’s sons, and all the men of Judah, the king’s servants;
10versebut he didn’t call Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah, and the mighty men, and Solomon his brother.
11verseThen Nathan spoke to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon, saying, “Haven’t you heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith reigns, and David our lord doesn’t know it?
12verseNow therefore come, please let me give you counsel, that you may save your own life and your son Solomon’s life.
13verseGo in to King David, and tell him, ‘Didn’t you, my lord the king, swear to your servant, saying, “Assuredly Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne”? Why then does Adonijah reign?’
14verseBehold, while you are still talking there with the king, I will also come in after you and confirm your words.”
15verseBathsheba went in to the king in his room. The king was very old; and Abishag the Shunammite was serving the king.
16verseBathsheba bowed and showed respect to the king. The king said, “What would you like?”
17verseShe said to him, “My lord, you swore by the LORD your God to your servant, ‘Assuredly Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne.’
18verseNow, behold, Adonijah reigns; and you, my lord the king, don’t know it.
19verseHe has slain cattle and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and has called all the sons of the king, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the army; but he hasn’t called Solomon your servant.
20verseYou, my lord the king, the eyes of all Israel are on you, that you should tell them who will sit on the throne of my lord the king after him.
21verseOtherwise it will happen, when my lord the king sleeps with his fathers, that I and my son Solomon will be considered criminals.”
22verseBehold, while she was still talking with the king, Nathan the prophet came in.
23verseThey told the king, saying, “Behold, Nathan the prophet!” When he had come in before the king, he bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground.
24verseNathan said, “My lord, King, have you said, ‘Adonijah shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne’?
25verseFor he has gone down today, and has slain cattle, fatlings, and sheep in abundance, and has called all the king’s sons, the captains of the army, and Abiathar the priest. Behold, they are eating and drinking before him, and saying, ‘Long live King Adonijah!’
26verseBut he hasn’t called me, even me your servant, Zadok the priest, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and your servant Solomon.
27verseWas this thing done by my lord the king, and you haven’t shown to your servants who should sit on the throne of my lord the king after him?”
28verseThen King David answered, “Call Bathsheba in to me.” She came into the king’s presence and stood before the king.
29verseThe king vowed and said, “As the LORD lives, who has redeemed my soul out of all adversity,
30versemost certainly as I swore to you by the LORD, the God of Israel, saying, ‘Assuredly Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne in my place;’ I will most certainly do this today.”
31verseThen Bathsheba bowed with her face to the earth and showed respect to the king, and said, “Let my lord King David live forever!”
32verseKing David said, “Call to me Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada.” They came before the king.
33verseThe king said to them, “Take with you the servants of your lord, and cause Solomon my son to ride on my own mule, and bring him down to Gihon.
34verseLet Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel. Blow the trumpet, and say, ‘Long live King Solomon!’
35verseThen come up after him, and he shall come and sit on my throne; for he shall be king in my place. I have appointed him to be prince over Israel and over Judah.”
36verseBenaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king, and said, “Amen. May the LORD, the God of my lord the king, say so.
37verseAs the LORD has been with my lord the king, even so may he be with Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord King David.”
38verseSo Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites went down and had Solomon ride on King David’s mule, and brought him to Gihon.
39verseZadok the priest took the horn of oil from the Tent, and anointed Solomon. They blew the trumpet; and all the people said, “Long live King Solomon!”
40verseAll the people came up after him, and the people piped with pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth shook with their sound.
41verseAdonijah and all the guests who were with him heard it as they had finished eating. When Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, “Why is this noise of the city being in an uproar?”
42verseWhile he yet spoke, behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came; and Adonijah said, “Come in; for you are a worthy man, and bring good news.”
43verseJonathan answered Adonijah, “Most certainly our lord King David has made Solomon king.
44verseThe king has sent with him Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and they have caused him to ride on the king’s mule.
45verseZadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon. They have come up from there rejoicing, so that the city rang again. This is the noise that you have heard.
46verseAlso, Solomon sits on the throne of the kingdom.
47verseMoreover the king’s servants came to bless our lord King David, saying, ‘May your God make the name of Solomon better than your name, and make his throne greater than your throne;’ and the king bowed himself on the bed.
48verseAlso thus said the king, ‘Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who has given one to sit on my throne today, my eyes even seeing it.’”
49verseAll the guests of Adonijah were afraid, and rose up, and each man went his way.
50verseAdonijah was afraid because of Solomon; and he arose, and went, and hung onto the horns of the altar.
51verseSolomon was told, “Behold, Adonijah fears King Solomon; for, behold, he is hanging onto the horns of the altar, saying, ‘Let King Solomon swear to me first that he will not kill his servant with the sword.’”
52verseSolomon said, “If he shows himself a worthy man, not a hair of his shall fall to the earth; but if wickedness is found in him, he shall die.”
53verseSo King Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. He came and bowed down to King Solomon; and Solomon said to him, “Go to your house.”
The Flow and Structure of the Text
- David’s decline (verses 1–4): A brief picture is given of David as he grows older and his health weakens.
- Adonijah’s rebellion (verses 5–10): David’s son Adonijah joins forces with surrounding officials to incite a rebellion, seeking to make himself king.
- The plan of Nathan and Bathsheba (verses 11–27): The prophet Nathan and Bathsheba inform David about Adonijah’s rebellion and seek ways to respond, so that Solomon can become king after David.
- Solomon’s enthronement (verses 28–40): By David’s command, the priests and the prophet Nathan anoint Solomon and establish him as king over Israel.
- The dispersal of Adonijah’s faction (verses 41–53): When Solomon takes the throne, Adonijah and those who followed him are seized with fear; Adonijah pleads for his life before Solomon and receives mercy.
Meaning and Lessons of This Chapter
1 Kings Chapter 1 shows the tension between human ambition and God’s leading, as well as the importance of an orderly transfer of power. It depicts scenes involving the king’s leadership, wise counsel from his officials, and careful discernment of God’s will. The chapter’s key message is that even amid chaos, God’s plans and promises are protected.
Points for Reflection
- When my will conflicts with God’s will, whose voice do I listen to?
- In a crisis, do I also have the mindset to look at the situation wisely and respond accordingly?
- Let’s think about what it means for my community and for myself to keep promises and principles.
Try Applying It to Myself
- In my life, at places where leadership or authority is exercised, take a moment to check what kind of attitude I have.
- When making important decisions, let’s consider whether I carefully seek counsel from those around me and God’s guidance.
- I can also think about whether I contribute to establishing unity and order in the community I belong to (home, workplace, faith community, etc.).